GOVERNMENT |
|
Type of Government |
Federal Republic |
|
Head of State |
President Girma Woldegiorgis |
|
Head of Government |
Prime Minister Meles Zenawi |
|
Administrative Divisions |
9 National Regional States: Afar;
Amhara; Benshangul-Gumuz; Gambela;
Harari; Oromia; Somali; Southern Nations,
Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP); and Tigrai |
|
2 chartered cities: Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa |
GEOGRAPHY |
|
Area coverage |
1.14 million sq. km |
|
Climate |
Tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variations |
|
Terrain |
High plateau with central mountain range divided by the Great Rift Valley |
|
Elevation extremes
|
Lowest point: Danakil Depression at 116 meters below sea level; |
|
Highest point: Ras Dashen mountain at 4,620 meters above sea level |
|
Natural mineral resources |
Reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, tantalum, uranium, coal, bauxite, etc |
|
Land cover |
Arable Land 45%, of which; irrigated 3%; forests, woodlands and savannas 25%; |
|
Other 30% |
|
DEMOGRAPHY (2005/06) |
|
Total population (2004) |
75.0 million (second most populous country in Africa) |
|
Population projection in 2015 |
93.8 million |
|
Rural population |
62.9 million (83.9%) |
|
Urban population |
12.1 million (16.1%) |
|
Male population |
37.6 million (50.1%) |
|
Female population |
37.4 million (49.9%) |
|
Population growth rate |
2.73% |
|
Fertility rate |
5.4 |
|
Life expectancy at birth (male-female) |
55.6-57.9 |
|
Main languages |
Amharic (official language), Oromigna, Tigrigna, English (major foreign language taught in schools) |
|
ECONOMY (2006/07) |
|
Real GDP growth rate (%) |
11.4 |
|
GDP per capita |
US$255 |
|
GDP by main activity, 2003/04 |
Agriculture 46.3 % |
|
Industry 13.4% |
|
Services 41.2% |
Inflation |
15.8 |
|
Exchange rate (period weighted average) |
8.79 |
|
Principal exports |
Coffee, oil seeds, leather and leather products, chat, gold, pulses, fruits and vegetable, meat products, live animals, floriculture products |
|
Industries |
Food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement |
|
Agriculture |
Cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseeds, sugarcane, horticulture crops, cotton, hides, cattle, sheep, goats |
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT (2006/07) |
|
Human Development Index (HDI) |
169th out of 177 countries |
|
Total poverty head count |
34.6% |
|
Primary health care coverage (2005/06) |
72% |
|
Access to clean water supply |
52.4% |
|
Access to sanitation |
17% |
|
Infant mortality rate
(2005/06) |
77/1,000 |
|
Child mortality rate
(2005/06) |
123/1,000 |
|
Maternal mortality rate (2005/06) |
673/100,000 |
|
HIV prevalence rate |
2.1 |
|
Gross primary enrollment (1-8) |
91.6% |
|
Adult literacy rate (2004) |
35.9% |
|
INFRASTRUCTURE (2006/07) |
|
Railways |
681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad). Since April 1998, Djibouti and Ethiopia have been revitalizing the century-old railroad that links their capitals. |
Roads |
Road density ( per 1,000 km2) 38.6 |
|
Total 42,429 km |
|
Electricity (2004/05) |
Population with access to electricity 16% |
|
Telecommunication |
Telephone density/fixed lines (per 100) 1.2 |
No. of mobile subscribers 1.2 million |
|
No of Internet service subscribers 31,400 |
|
Ports and harbours |
Ethiopia is landlocked and was, by agreement with Eritrea, using the ports of Assab and Massawa, but since the border dispute with Eritrea, Ethiopia has been using the port of Djibouti and to a lesser degree, the port of Berbera in Somaliland. |
|
Airports |
Two international airports (Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa). Twenty domestic airports (8 paved and 2 unpaved). The New Addis Ababa International Airport was inaugurated in 2003. | |